Ethereum Foundation Outlines Possible Roadmap for Layer 1 zkEVM Integration by 2025

Key Points

1. Ethereum plans to launch a native L1 zkEVM by the end of 2025, enabling validators to verify execution proofs instead of executing transactions directly.

2. The Glamsterdam hard fork will introduce zkVM clients, with the goal of fully transitioning to proof-based execution as validator adoption grows.

3. Technical standards for real-time ZK proving include proofs verifiable within 10 seconds, 100-bit security (scaling to 128-bit), and a proof size cap of 300KiB.

4. The roadmap emphasizes 'home proving,' allowing individual validators to participate without large-scale infrastructure, maintaining Ethereum's decentralization.

5. Multiple zkVM implementations are already in development, with ecosystem readiness being a focus for meeting the Foundation's proving benchmarks.