The Ethereum Foundation has announced a comprehensive roadmap for embedding zero-knowledge proofs directly into Ethereum’s core protocol through a native Layer 1 zkEVM (Zero-Knowledge Ethereum Virtual Machine). This strategic initiative aims to significantly enhance the network’s scalability and security foundations.
The core objective involves enabling validators to verify execution proofs using ZK technology instead of directly executing transactions. This shift will occur gradually, starting with the Glamsterdam hard fork introducing zkVM clients. As validator adoption increases, the network targets a transition towards full proof-based execution.
Strict technical standards underpin this roadmap. Key benchmarks include proofs verifying within 10 seconds, achieving a minimum security level equivalent to 100-bit cryptography (scalable to 128-bit), and imposing a proof size limit of 300KiB. The Ethereum Foundation emphasizes maintaining decentralization through ‘home proving,’ ensuring individual validators can participate effectively without requiring large-scale infrastructure.
Development for multiple zkVM implementations is already underway within the ecosystem. Success depends on reaching the established proving benchmarks and broader ecosystem readiness. This native integration represents a foundational step towards leveraging ZK technology directly on Ethereum Layer 1.